Integrative Leadership Model of Vocational High School Principals in Indonesia: A Framework for Sustainable Education Quality Improvement
Keywords:
Educational Quality,Integrative Leadership,SMK Principal,Vocational High.Abstract
This study examines the integrative leadership practices of Vocational High School (SMK) principals in Indonesia and their relationship to sustainable educational quality improvement. Employing a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 245 respondents comprising SMK principals (n = 82), teachers (n = 118), and industry stakeholders (n = 45) using a validated five-point Likert-scale instrument. Four leadership dimensions were examined: transformational, instructional, distributed, and adaptive leadership. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, and one-way ANOVA. Results indicate that all four dimensions significantly and positively predict Educational Quality Outcomes (EQO), collectively accounting for 49.1% of outcome variance (R² = .491; F(4, 240) = 57.847, p < .001). Transformational leadership emerged as the strongest predictor (β = .413), followed by adaptive (β = .332), instructional (β = .280), and distributed leadership (β = .260). Significant perceptual differences were found across stakeholder groups (F (2, 242) = 3.422, p < .05). These findings validate the Integrative Leadership Framework as a theoretically grounded and practically actionable model for SMK principal development in Indonesia.
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